Position entirely your own about what 'college level writing' should Essay

Position altogether your own about what 'school level composition' should look like or what measures understudies ought to must be succe - Essay Example School level composing would be distinguished from its structure. In a perfect world, the understudy should give the arrangement of the writing in the primary section, and afterward followed by supporting passages to be summed up in the last passage. The theory proclamation ought to show up in the early on passage, giving a sign of what the composing involves. In supporting the principle thought in the composition, the essayist ought to acquire from different sources. No essayist holds all the data required and should accordingly counsel other dependable sources. Lunsford (n.d.) bolsters this contention taking note of that a coordination of a lot of different sources into a bit of composing shows the expository part of an author and the capacity of such an essayist to think at a more elevated level. Singular sections receive a comparable structure, having early on, clarifying and finishing up sentences. Notwithstanding, researchers and workmanship understudies could contend against t his structure, giving instances of compositions of task reports and sonnets. They would contend that composing could embrace any structure as long as it imparts the expected data adequately. Indeed, even with this methodology, the fundamental structure would at present need to apply where the essayist starts with a presentation, demonstrating the destinations of the composition, at that point follows with a supporting body before giving an end. To think of a rational bit of composing, altering assumes a significant job. As Lunsford (n.d.) noted, altering disposes of spelling, language and accentuation botches. This makes the composing justifiable to the peruser. Content in school level composing is profoundly respected. As noted, undergrads have become recorded as a hard copy and ought to accordingly have the option to grant information through their composition. Having experienced essential instruction and afterward to secondary school, such understudies ought to have been presente d to a ton of composing assignments. From the missteps made and the viewpoints that remunerated more, the understudies ought to have taken in the necessities for a compelling composition. At the school level, the essayists would be required to think notwithstanding composing. Information would possibly be imparted if the essayist prevails with regards to investigating and assessing different writings from which data has been obtained. Thusly, I bolster the contention by Lunsford that an essayist at this level ought to have the option to â€Å"bring different voices into the conversation† such that makes the composing enlightening (n.d., 184). In any case, I value the individuals who might contend against the need to obtain from outer sources in order to give immaculate wiring, for example, those in innovative and masterful composition. Regardless of this contention, it is imperative to take note of that such compositions have acquired from outer sources whether intentionally or unwittingly. The capacity to assess these sources, extrapolate and coordinate them in the composing produces powerful school level authors. School composing ought to be roused by the need to satisfy the goals of the given directions. Thos of the way of thinking of Lunsford demonstrate that composing ought to be driven by what one puts stock in. Truth be told, while breaking down the composition by â€Å"

Western Pennsylvanian Election 1937 and the New Deal :: essays research papers

In a period where men buckled down for what they had yet had little to appear for it. At the point when enormous corporate proprietors were declining to permit laborers into associations came about the New Deal. This proposition would not simply change the lives of the laborers during this time, it would change the lives of Americans for quite a long time to come.      In the Steel Valley of Western Pennsylvania, 1937, the appointment of government authorities had changed from years past. There was realignment of the ideological groups and the ideological groups changed situations for quite a long time to come. With the assistance of the Little New Deal in Western Pennsylvania, the measure of work and fulfillment expanded.      With the appointment of Franklin D. Roosevelt to leader of the United States because of the Depression of the thirties, there will undoubtedly be change. There was an extraordinary enthusiasm for the thoughts of FDR’s New Deal. The intrigue and endorsement sought the hands on laborers and lower-pay family units. The high society endorsement then again was on it path down, in light of the fact that all things considered the New Deal would be basically detracting from the privileged residents, entrepreneurs, and giving center lower class more.      Now that these new thoughts were being used the laborers needed another type of neighborhood government. On the off chance that they would leave neighborhood government the manner in which it was they would consistently be pushed around. Along these lines, white collar class Americans would run for nearby government. The town would be bound to choose somebody who has been in their situation previously and need to get them out when they would strike rather then get the police and split it up. They would require somebody with power on their side and that’s what they did.      In the year 1936 around 50% of the individuals in Pittsburgh, Pa casted a ballot Democratic with around nine percent Republican and three percent for another person. Thirty seven percent of individuals didn’t vote. This was an incredible increment in voters from 1932 when just forty-two percent of the individuals casted a ballot. This demonstrated as more individuals casted a ballot the republicans despite everything were getting more votes yet the Democrats were fleeing with the measure of individuals casting a ballot. On account of President Roosevelt’s plan to expand the quantity of employments and his eagerness to engage with the huge organizations, individuals needed to see this experience. Individuals needed to have this security that they were not getting from the Republican government.

Music In My Life Presenation Essay

MUSIC Music is an impact in everyone’s life. The sort of music you tune in to can shape the individual you become and how you act in various circumstances. The main instrument I figured out how to play was the piano. I just played for about a year or somewhere in the vicinity, at that point I proceeded onward to the violin. I was a major aficionado of the violin and review playing in a few presentations with my teacher. I saw the presentations as both energizing and harrowing simultaneously, yet at long last it was a life-changing encounter I was unable to live without. During my secondary school years I turned into an enthusiast of the guitar. I began playing the acoustic guitar and I delighted in it more than each other instrument I at any point played growing up. Upon my secondary school graduation, I bought my own electric guitar. From that day on I attempted to play it as regularly as Possible, yet now I don't possess the energy for it like I used to which is a disgrace and dis couraging. MY DREAMS One of my feelings of trepidation in life isn't having sufficient opportunity to accomplish the entirety I had always wanted. I couldn't imagine anything better than to go on a journey to the Caribbean. While growing up, get-aways with my family were a major piece of my life and proceeding with that way of life is of most extreme significance to me. I am an audacious sort of individual and would appreciate doing a couple â€Å"extreme† exercises throughout my life. These exercises would comprise of skydiving and bungee bouncing. Another fantasy of mine is to visit each state in the United States, just as movement around the globe. Later on throughout everyday life, I might want to finish my profession objectives by getting my PhD to encourage my vocation. Perhaps the greatest dream I plan to accomplish some time or another is go to Germany and visit the town named after my family. In Germany, my family was viewed as Dukes and we in the long run had a town named after us. This would be a perfect get-away and it is one the most astonishing things I plan to do sooner or later in my life.

Research Proposal on Mental Disorders Cases in Justice Legal System - Free Essay Example

Introduction Cases of mental illness associated with people who are in the correctional systems have become an area of concern in our current world that is filled with all sorts of social and evil crimes. The argument on the need and concern for mentally ill people that have been promoted by the opinion that most mental illness more likely gets it while they are in the correctional facilities. It is a great challenge for a mentally ill individual to cope up well with normal. People who are faced with the situation of dealing with relatives who are mentally ill can explain it well. Mental illness is mostly natural in human nature; our biological makeup is a major cause of the abnormality. The most serious area that has raised the alarm and that need to be addressed is when mental illnesses are associated with our criminal justice system. The numbers of inmates getting mental illnesses have been adding up the day after the other our correctional systems. In the event of 1960s that saw the discharge of psychiatric people into the society with no full mental health made the situation worse and has been the sole cause of inmates with mental illness. The individuals lack common sense and their situation prompt them to involve in a law-breaking activity that will render them into jail, thus increasing the number in our correctional as compared to our hospital where they should be. Literature review This study will be based on the available scholarly works which have been conducted related to the issues of mental health in inmates both adults and children in the prisons and juveniles systems. This studies focused on the increased instances of mental illnesses among inmates incarcerated in the United States prisons. These studies will help in exploring the issue of mental illness in the united states jails. According to Houser and Belenko, (2015)critical mental illness has been reported as the most prevalent problem in the United States justice systems leading to the rebranding of the jails and prisons as the modern asylums. For instance, the Los Angeles County Jail, it has been reported to be holding more mentally ill inmates than most mental health hospitals in the United States. Generally, it is estimated that 22% of inmates in the United States and 16 %of people detained in state prisons are approximate to have critical mental disorders. this prevalence adds up to 384,00 inmates with severe mental disorder in the United States in the year 2015 which is almost ten times the number of mentally ill persons in the states hospitals. In another study they carried out in Maryland and Michigan prisons and jails highlighted that 15 percent of the inmates had some signs and symptoms of mental illness. The number of women who had their symptoms was more than eh a number of males. The major symptoms identified were major depression, bipolar illness, impaired judgment among others. Mentally ill inmates spent more time than other inmates in the jails or prisons (Petersilia, 2014). The reason behind this is they find it challenging and hard to adhere to the prison and jail rules and regulations. Mentally ill inmates have the probability of being detained for a duration that is twice longer than that of normal inmates. They take a lot of time to understand, and they are violent. To illustrate in a study conducted in Washington state jails, and prison found that mentally ill inmates were liable for almost 45% of rule violations despite their low percentage of 15% of the whole population. The cost of detaining mentally ill inmates is absolutely high due to their unique needs which require immediate attention. There is the need for specialized facilities which suit their frequent violent needs. Also, they have more staffing needs as compared to the other inmates. Prisons incur these costs due to the psychiatric medical care provided to the mentally ill detainees and also the costs of settling legal suits arising from the treatment of mentally challenged detainees in the premises of the jail (Cowell, Hinde, Broner, Aldridge, 2015). A study conducted by Prins, (2014) , to investigate the number of managerial problems caused by mentally challenged inmates in the United States prisons ; found that mentally challenged inmates pose a challenge to the management team as they attempt to control and manage the behaviors of the inmates in the p risons. Inmates with mental disorders make it hard for the management to oversee their behavior due to their perceptions and challenging needed. Some may not be willing eat; others dont like wearing clothes among other behaviors. Suicidal cases is another major challenge associated with mental illness in the prisons were inmates kill themselves. A study conducted in Washington highlighted that an estimate of 78percent of the inmates with mental disorders attempted to commit suicide while in the correctional facilities (DeGue, Fowler, Calkins, 2016). The instances have been accelerated by the strict, measures of forcing all the mentally challenged persons into the legal justice systems. The society views mentally ill persons as a liability to the community and thus channeling them into the prisons. This has not been a solution because they feel troubled and isolated from their families to the extent of taking away their life. According to a study conducted by Wagner and Sakala ( 2014), in several United States jails and prisons found that screening has to be don for all admissions to detect the signs of and symptoms of mental illness at early stages for medication. He further pointed out that mental disorders increases due to the conditions the inmates are subjected to while in the prisons. Early screening and medication will help curb the issue of mental illness in the United States and enhance the mental health of the inmates. The scope of the current study. The study needs to determine the prevalence of individual with mental illness who are in the jail. Due to the increase in some people having mental disorders in the jail system, there is need to address the issue before our correctional centers are filled with psychiatric individuals who need to be receiving medication rather than correction of that sort. The study will investigate the following research questions: 1) will the health of the mentally ill people deteriorate when put in jail? 2) What is the effect caused by mental ill not sent to the hospital for medication? 3) Is the increased number of mental illness inmates being accommodated in the correctional facilities? Methodology. Data Collection Procedures. The research will obtain the data by observing the behavior of the mentally ill people when they are put in the correctional centers. The data will also be obtained from a survey done in the local jails. The bureau of justice statistics has an order of surveying the inmates after every period of five years. The data will also be evaluated based on the entry record of the inmates as they joined the correctional centers. The data will be aimed at finding the number of facilities with the increased number of mentally ill inmates. The study will help identify if there is any relation between the increased mental illness and the increased inmates in the correctional facilities. Research Design Lack of medical attention of the mentally ill people exposes them to active participation in the evil activities that makes them be sent to correctional facilities. The research question that is under study is the prevalence rate of mental illness compared with the number of correctional facilities. The study will apply the use of questionnaires that will be sent to the local jails in the United States to get clear information from the officers in charge and also the inmates who have no mental illness. The study will also apply observation as a way of obtaining data, where it will be based on two groups of inmates: the mentally ill inmates and the mentally upright inmates. The mentally upright inmates will be used as a control experiment to compare with the behavior of mentally ill. The study makes use of the ANOVA test to compare the difference between the two groups of inmates. The study will be based on the cross-sectional design which will be conducted at only one time to co mpare the mentally ill inmates and the non-mentally ill inmates (Moschopoulos, 2014). Selection of participants. The study will make use of different types of participants who are related to the field. Therefore 20 officers will be used and 50 inmates who are mentally ill for observation purpose and 40 non-mentally inmates. Planned Data Analysis. The planned data analyzes will help the researcher to find the relation between increased mentally ill people and the corresponding of inmates in jails. The study will determine whether the mental illness contributes to the rising figure of criminals in the jails. The second analysis is on the behavior of mentally ill people when they are put in the jails. The analysis will help in finding a solution for the mentally ill people, to determine which facility they should be in, that best suits their condition. Conclusion. In conclusion, the research is expected to produce results that will help the researcher to compare the behavior of mentally ill and non-mentally ill inmates. The researcher will determine whether the population of inmates is affected by mental ill diseases among the people. The prevalence of mentally ill inmates are alarming, and the probability is that it is contributed by the mental illness in the society. References Cowell, A. J., Hinde, J. M., Broner, N., Aldridge, A. P. (2015). The cost of implementing a jail diversion program for people with mental illness in San Antonio, Texas. Evaluation and Program Planning, 48, 57–62. DeGue, S., Fowler, K. A., Calkins, C. (2016). Deaths Due to Use of Lethal Force by Law Enforcement: Findings From the National Violent Death Reporting System, 17 US States, 2009–2012. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 51(5), S173–S187. Houser, K., Belenko, S. (2015). Disciplinary responses to misconduct among female prison inmates with mental illness, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 38(1), 24. Moschopoulos, P. G. (2014). Testing in Two-Way ANOVA with Random Cell Sizes. Petersilia, J. (2014). California prison downsizing and its impact on local criminal justice systems. Prins, S. J. (2014). Prevalence of mental illnesses in US state prisons: a systematic review. Psychiatric Services , 65(7), 862–872. Wagner, P., Sakala, L. (2014). Mass incarceration: the whole pie. Northampton, MA: Prison Policy Initiative.

Animals for Research and Experimentation - 678 Words

Currently it is estimated that more than 100 million animals are used for research and experimentation on around the world every year. Apart from all the benefits of animal testing there are many good reasons which support banning the experimentations on animals such as: animal cruelty, selfishness, and danger of using the experiments result. Therefore animal experimentation should be banned. These days, animal testing has brought a lot of issues in the society. The first and foremost argument that is presented against animal testing deals with the issue of animal cruelty. The pain which is caused to the lab animals and the condition in which they are held captive for experimentation are not healthy at all. During the research process animals are killed and harmed, isnt killing an animal the same thing as murder? Were now living in the 21st century, and subjecting animals to long and painful experiments is no longer needed to advance as a society. Banning animal testing will in no way hurt any advancement in the future. 9 out of 10 times, the testing is found inaccurate in the end anyways. We now have alternatives such as bio-engineering and computer modelling that can provide us better, more accurate results than animal testing. Its also a much faster and cheaper method. Would you allow testing products, etc. on human babies or those mentally disabled because they have l ower IQ than the average adult human? Obviously not because its not ethical. Then how is it thatShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper Animal Experimentation2167 Words   |  9 PagesAnimal Experimentation i Should Animal Experimentation Be Abandon? Veronica Liang ESL 408C Marcia Rauch November 18, 2011 Animal Experimentation ii Research Paper Outline Title: Should Animal Experimentation be Abandon? I Introduction Thesis Statement: Animal testing is a debatable issue in modern society. 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If your answer is yes, then you can thank animal research because â€Å"Without animal research, medicine as we know it today wouldn’t exist† says Kristen Cook from pro-test.org. So, although animal experimentation can be labeled animal cruelty, sometimes using animals to experiment on is the only option for research. Animal experimentation research has brought many lifesaving medical benefits to the world. The California Biomedical Research Association states that nearly every medical breakthroughRead MoreEssay about Using Animals in Research and Experimentation623 Words   |  3 PagesAnimals should be used for research and Experimentation because if the animals get sick or show any signs of acting abnormal then the scientists know it isn’t safe for humans to use. Animal research has played a big role in nearly every medical breakthrough over the last decade. 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Animals suffering in experimentation labs areRead More The Cruelty of Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cruelty of Animal Testing and the Need for Alternative Methods In his book Inhumane Society: The American Way of Exploiting Animals, Dr. Michael W. Fox estimates that twenty-five to thirty-five million animals are used in the United States each year for laboratory testing and research (58). Research involving tests done on animals is unnecessary and cruel. More humane methods of research need to be employed. Fox states that animal tests on cosmetics and household products are nothingRead More Horrors of Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Horrors of Animal Testing    The torture and murder of millions of animals annually has been occurring for centuries now. Every year we ignore it, and every year the numbers grow. The act of vivisection or the practice of experimenting on animals began because of religious prohibitions against dissection of human corpses. After religious leaders lifted these prohibitions, it was too late. Vivisection had become a major part of medical and educational research. As well as major part of product

An Understanding Of Corporate Social Responsibility

Introduction The aim of this report is to establish an understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Sustainability, Ethics and their applied application by a multinational corporation (MNC) like Walmart. This report is based on the case study ‘Walmart: Love, Earth ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which identifies key points which are the criticism faced by the multinational corporation (MNC), business practices that are/were unethical and which ethical theories did/ do they violate and why do MNCs like Walmart address their social and environmental impacts. The case study is very important as it outlines the way the MNC works and the different types of violations breached by Walmart like poor treatment of work shop employees and also the good deeds MNCs do†¦show more content†¦The purpose of CSR is to drive change towards sustainability. There are many definitions of sustainable development, including this landmark one which first appeared in 1987:Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.— from the World Commission on Environment and Development’s (the Brundtland Commission) report Our Common Future (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). Sustainable development is growth that encounters the requirements of the present without conceding the capability of future generations to meet their own requirements. It covers two key notions; the idea of requirements, in specific the vital requirements of the world s poor, to which overriding importance must be given; and the idea of restrictions enforced by the state of technology and social organization on the ecosystem s capability to meet current and upcoming requirements. Question 2: Why did Walmart face criticism for its business practices? What other MNC recently face criticism for its social responsibility and sustainability efforts? And why? Walmart faced criticism firstly, for its impact on the communities that it entered. Secondly, Walmart’s labor practices, they required, had to improve. Workers must be permitted to unionize, earn better wages,

My Choice to Attend College Essay Example For Students

My Choice to Attend College Essay Being the only person in the family to go to college is the greatest thing. Education is very important to me. However being the only one in the family to continue my education is very hard. Most of my family members have their opinions about me being very successful one day, while others think I should quit because it is a waste a time. My moment of triumph came when I discovered that Im finally doing what I love to do. I am learning to become the best software developer I can be. After graduating high school in May of 2008, I was ready to face the real world. Everything I had to do for college was done. When the semester started in August, I was a little scared because it was a different platform than high school. As soon as I got the hang of it, I was having fun and ready to start to the semester. Three months had passed and it was Thanksgiving. All of my family members and I were sitting at the dinner table of my grandma’s house. Everyone at the table had to say what they were thankful for that year. When it was my turn, I said that I was thankful for being a college student and learning knowledge. When I said that, all the opinions came flying out. For example, my cousins told me to quit because they did not go to college and they are doing good. However my mother and grandmother told me to continue my education because it is hard to get a job in this market without a degree. As time went on, what my cousins told me really stuck to me. I thought I could be successful without the degree. So I dropped out my second semester and I got a job. That was the biggest mistake of my life. For four years I was miserable because I was going to a job that I hated and I was not doing what I wanted to do. I forgot my goals and desires and focused on what other people wanted me to do. For those four years, I listened to a whole lot of people, mainly my family members, and let them bring me down the wrong path. I had the dream to be a computer programmer, but in reality I was an overnight stocker for Wal-Mart. I got so comfortable playing that role that I lost myself in the process. Being out of school and having a job that I hated was not the way I wanted my life to be. I thought this was it for me and I could not do anything else. Then one day the best thing happened to me. I was at home and I was getting ready for work. I got an emergency phone call from my aunt. It really was not an emergency. She just made it seem that way on the phone. She called because one of her friends had a computer problem and she asked me to take a look at it. I went to her house after work and I fixed her computer. She was so grateful she referred me to a whole lot of people with computer problems. I was doing this for three months and that’s when I realized that I love working with computers. So, I decided to quit my job and go back to school. In February of 2013, I enrolled at the ITT Technical Institute. Shortly after, I was hired as an IT help desk support representative for the Louisiana Department of Education. I finally realized that I am doing what I love to do. I’m not listening to everyone around me who wants to do what they want to do. At the end of the day, I have to do what is right for me and my future. .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf , .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .postImageUrl , .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf , .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf:hover , .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf:visited , .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf:active { border:0!important; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf:active , .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73e7b1f7193d3d45c62a508c20a9adbf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Red Badge Of Courage (651 words) EssayBeing the only member in your family to go to college is not a bad thing. It is one of the greatest experiences in life. It can also be tough when you have family members who do not have the same goals and desires. They have their own beliefs, while you have yours. Once you set your goals and desires on something, do not lose them. Keep them in mind whenever you have an obstacle or problem. At the end of the day, it is your life and you have the decision to do what you want to do or be torn down by someone else’s beliefs.

Samuel Morse Essays - Samuel Morse, Morse, Phillips Academy

Samuel Morse Early Life Samuel Morse: a man, an artist, and an inventor. He knew as a childhood love, he was an artist. But the thing he did not know was that out of his love of art and curiosity would come an invention. His invention, now obsolete, was a great weapon of war and means of communication for everyone. Born April 27, 1791, in Charleston, Mass. Morse was the oldest son of Rev. Jedidiah Morse and Elizabeth Ann Breese. From early on in his childhood he had a talent in his art. At the age of eight Morse was taken to Phillips Academy, where his father was a trustee. He was taken to Phillips Academy, where his father was a trustee. He was unhappy under their rule, and twice as homesick, so he fled back to Charleston. He entered Yale at 1805, was called home, and did not graduate till 1810. His classmates at Yale admired his art, and he was unknown for his miniatures in ivory. After his graduation all he wanted to do was study art. His father opposed the idea. That was the start of all his work.

Enraged Driving essays

Enraged Driving essays If you have ever been driving down the road, minding your own business, and got cut off, ran off the road, or were given the finger than you have fallen victim to road rage. Each day Americans grow more and more likely to take out their personal frustrations on other drivers. It is called aggressive driving and it is on the incline. Other forms of aggressive driving you have probably experienced include such things as illegal or improper lane changes or turns, failing to stop or yield right of way, excessive speeds, and an assortment of gestures, looks and verbally abusive language. Everyday you have to deal with these people on our roads. We run a great risk just driving around the corner to go to the store or a quiet trip to church. Two-thirds of car related fatalities are at least partially caused by aggressive driving. Fortunately, there is something you can do about it. To overcome aggressive driving we must first understand it. The major cause of aggressive driving is a discourteous or inattentive driver. The number one cause is probably the "left-lane hog" other discourteous driving behaviors include failure to signal before a lane change, changing lanes too closely to other drivers and tailgating. It is then that you, an unaware driver that infuriates the aggressive driver and triggers the Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde transformation. Reduced enforcement, highway traffic, congestion or personal issues also play a large role in the disposition of the aggressive driver. The angry driver then may demonstrate his displeasure by speeding around the you, cutting you off or with a number of verbal and nonverbal messages. Though the driver may feel justified in his or her action, this kind of display is most times very dangerous and often will result in damage to either your car, you, and possibly anyone else around. As mentioned before, two-thirds of the 42,000 highway deaths last year were related to aggressive d ...

Chapter One including the abstract Dissertation

Chapter One including the abstract - Dissertation Example It is on this basis that faculty-designers have emerged as critical a component in the development of online courses. Given the importance of faculty-designers, there is need to ensure that these faculty-developers possess requisite skills and competencies that are key in maintaining the quality of online courses. This chapter presents issues surrounding the skills, competencies and best practices for designing online courses. In addition to these issues, this chapter will present the purpose of the research, research questions and hypotheses, justification and significance of the research, as well as limitations and assumptions for the research. Keywords: Faculty-designers, Skills and Competencies, Instructional Materials, Online Courses and Best Practices Chapter One Introduction Online education has experienced unprecedented growth in the last decade. Rapid growth of online education has emergence along with sophisticated information and communication technologies. Information tec hnology tools have been integrated into online platforms and enhance delivery of learning materials. Proponents of distance education have applauded the flexibility and convenience of online learning studies. However, dissenting voices have increasingly raised concerns over the quality of online courses. ... Many of the decisions influencing the successful delivery of course materials take place prior to commencement of online classes. Course design stage requires careful planning to not only make teaching more enjoyable and easy, but also to facilitate effective student learning. Well-designed courses facilitate smooth implementation of course content on a day-to-day basis (Anderson, 2008). Faculty-designers require requisite skills and competencies that will assure the effectiveness and quality of online learning (Weston, 2009). Increasing demands for online courses stimulated many institutions of higher learning to offer online courses. As the number of middle-level colleges and fully fledged universities offering online courses continues to grow, a pressing need has arisen for highly skilled and competent faculty-designers (Salmon, 2004). Skilled and competent faculty-designers are needed in crafting professional development and technical training online courses (Watson, Watson and R eigeluth, 2012). The quality of online courses has been compromised, in part, by hastily-developed learning materials (Hsu and Lin, 2008). Much as information technology has the potential to develop and implement effective online learning, the quality of this modern pedagogy is compromised by lack of competent faculty-designers (Anderson, 2008). The rapid growth of online learning has focused increasing attention to components that constitutes a quality online course (Reigeluth, 2011). Understanding of how to design an online course and what is needed to be an effective online instructor has deepened significantly (Hsu and Lin, 2008). Technologies used to design and access online courses have also improved tremendously. Equally important, faculty-designers have

The different directions in Judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The different directions in Judaism - Essay Example Most people translate the Halakha as a Jewish law, however, in the real sense, it means the path. That is the manner in which people ought to live. On this basis, most Jews who lived in the diaspora used the Halakha as a source of their religious and civil laws. In the contemporary and modern Jewish society, the personal and the family laws are always under the authority of the rabbi courts. On this basis, the family and personal values are always under the guidance of the Halakha. In interpreting the Halakha, there are three main Jewish directions, namely the Orthodox, the liberal, and the Hasidism directions. The Orthodox Jews believe in the Halakha as a religious system (Landesmann and Jones, 2012). They believe that the Halakha is a revelation of the will of God. Orthodox Jews believe that the Rabbis have a duty of interpreting the written Torah, where its provisions are not clear. However, they must only to do so with the regulations specified by Moses, at the mountain of Sinai. These regulations under consideration were transmitted orally, and they are clearly explained in the book of Talmud. Orthodox Jews believe that no rabbi has an authority to change the Jewish laws contained in the Talmud and the Torah, all they can do is to give an interpretation of these laws. However, their interpretations are subject to change, and reconsideration. According to the Orthodox Judaism, the role of a woman is dynamic and complex. Women under the Orthodox Judaism are allowed to engage in business, to observe the Sabbath, to engage in activities aimed for their personal development, and this includes academics, etc. The role of Jewish Orthodox women revolve around the mentioned areas. However, the Halakha does not identify the specific duties and roles of women amongst the Orthodox Jews; however, the orthodox Jews believe that the Halakha only provides guidance on how women should live. The orthodox Jews believe in the role of a

Income and Disposable Income Essay Example for Free

Income and Disposable Income Essay Income will mean cash income before taxes, and will include government transfer payments such as unemployment insurance benefits, family allowance payments, pensions, welfare assistance, etc. Disposable income specifically focuses on the amount of income available for private consumption and spending. Disposable income takes into consideration the reality that take-home pay is heavily influenced by not only gross income, but also by factors such as government transfer levels, taxation levels, and inflation. Disposable Income is defined in two ways: * Income after federal and provincial income taxes * Income after taxes, employment insurance and Canada Pension Plan Discretionary Income is Disposable Income after deductions for basic necessities such as food, clothing, shelter, transportation, healthcare, personal care, etc. Life-Cycle State people change the goods and services they buy over their lifetimes. Buying is also shaped by the stage of the family life cycle-the stages through which families might pass as they mature over time. Marketers often define their target markets in terms of life-cycle stage and develop appropriate products and marketing plans. Described in the following graph, on average, real disposable income has grown at a very slow rate of 0.05% from 1980 to 1998. This varies from 0.32% for a family of 2 parents with children, 0.14% for economic families of 2 persons or more, 0.09% for elderly families to 0.31% for lone parent families. These figures have improved over the last 3 years. In 2000, real disposable income per capita grew 2.7%, its strongest growth rate in over a decade. The above chart shows the percentage change in inflation-adjusted incomes of families with children for the lowest 5th of families to those in the top 5th of family incomes from the late 1970s to 1997. It can be seen that for the lowest 5th of families real incomes fell 21% during past 2 decades, while incomes for the highest 5th increased 30%. Thats quite a swing. Further, the chart shows for the middle 5th of family incomes their current inflation-adjusted income is about 3% less than 2 decades ago. Thats pure and simple. No wonder family saving fell while household debt ratios soared. Look again at this chart. The top family earners increased income 30% above inflation in those 2 decades. But, if recognize that 30% real income growth over 2 decades is but 1.16% average per year compounded above inflation, its not that great, especially compared to all average family incomes increasing at an annual rate of 3-4% above inflation prior to 1970, most with one wage-earner per family. In other words, this chart suggested that the top family earners since the 1970s made out worse than did all average family incomes prior to 1970. Of course the poorest 5th saw their real family income drop 21% past 21 years or about 1.12% per year below inflation rates. This shows how dramatic long-term implications can be, just 2% per year separating top and lower earners and how much poorer is total family income performance now compared to before. The marketers can use these statistics to estimate the future trend of people buying behavior. In order to develop new technologies or sell strategies, these statistics would help marketer to decide what they have to change to gain more profits.

John Wilkes Booth :: essays research papers fc

Without any question, most people have a very clear and distinct picture of John Wilkes Booth a in their minds. It is April 1865, the night president Lincoln decides to take a much-needed night off, to attend a stage play. Before anyone knows it a lunatic third-rate actor creeps into Lincoln's box at Ford's theater and kills the president. Leaping to the stage, he runs past a confused audience and flees into the night, only to suffer a coward’s death Selma asset some two weeks later. From the very moment that Booth pulled the trigger, the victors of the Civil War had a new enemy on their hands, and a good concept of whom they were dealing with. A close examination of the facts, however, paint a different view of Booth, a picture that is far less black and white, but a picture with many shades of gray. Perhaps, one of the most interesting things to note about Lincoln's killer was the president would have recognized him instantly, if he had just turned around. John Wilkes Booth was born in a log cabin just outside of Bel Air, Maryland May 10, 1838. His family consisted of his father Tunis Booth, mother Mary Ann Holmes; they would bear 10 children. The Booth name was known for acting from John's family. He is considered to be America's first great actor. John's most known brother Edwin was quick to follow in his father's footsteps. He often practiced in the yard and was ridiculed by John and this was the beginning of a bitter rivalry. Also the house was full of alcoholism and bouts of depression. The family was often without the father as his drinking and acting kept him away. He was often under the influence when he was on stage and displayed many attributes of his son but, John never seen his father on stage. His mother also had a dream of her son's future. It showed John meet ing a gypsy and he was told, " you'll die young... You've got in your hand a thundering crowd of enemies-not one friend-you'll make a bad end... You'll have a fast life-short, but a grand one." John knew this and it sometimes troubled him. Then in 1852, his dad died and John went to attend St. Timothy's Hall military school in Catonsville, Maryland. It was here that John showed his sympathy for the South when he led a revolt against the mostly northern faculty.

Challenges Faced by Hr Management Essay

Challenges faced by HR management when significant staff cutbacks occur and how they should be addressed Downsizing is never easy on the Human Resource department. In fact, if not handled properly, it could be detrimental to the overall organization. Here are some challenges that come along with downsizing: Addressing the shifting morale and needs of the surviving employees, maintaining the productivity and profitability of the organization, and retaining skilled, and qualified employees. Staff cutbacks can leave the surviving employees feeling demoralized, bitter, angry, and in shock. One role of Human Resource Management is to act as an employee advocate. In a time of workforce reduction, communicating with employees as well as acknowledging their concerns and fears, can work to rebuild the employee’s sense of security in the workplace and help him/her to reengage in the culture of the organization. Through strategic Human Resource Management and planning, the shared values and beliefs of the organization can be reinforced to its employees and the collective value of the capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences, and motivation of the organizational workforce can be retained. Once there has been a major reduction in force within an organization, productivity and profitability becomes a main target of Human Resource management. One HR strategy would be to give more hours and responsibility to existing workers. However, eventually employees will become overworked and productivity will suffer. Utilizing alternative tactics such as hiring contingent or temporary workers is a strategic HR plan to maintain productivity and profitability while not having to pay the cost of benefits. Reducing turnover of qualified and skilled employees is an ongoing effort of Human Resource Management. Employees who survive workforce cuts tend to disengage the culture of the organization because they have lost faith in the organization being a lifetime employer. When an organization goes through a massive layoff process, the employee retention efforts of Human Resource Management could intensify. Employee retention efforts may include, constantly communicating with employees, and paying attention to surviving employees. As an example of a strategic Human Resource plan to hold on to skilled employees, an alternative work arrangement such as telecommuting might be offered to a worker. The functionality of Human Resources is always changing to meet the ever evolving needs of an organization. For example, when Xerox decided to downsize, the function of Human Resources became environmental scanning strategic planning. The restructuring goal however, included more than just a reduction in force. It was determined that the Human Resource entity needed to be streamlined and become a more efficient part of the organization. As a result, the use of technology, and maintaining employee retention was the core that developed HR into a more strategic part of the Xerox organization. There are two purposes that HR technology serves in an organization. The first is to improve the efficiency of employee data and HR activities collection. At Xerox, the use of HR technology has been instrumental in making HR services more accessible to their workforce. The second purpose of HR technology is to capture a greater degree of informational data that enables HR planning and managerial decision making. Again, Xerox made use of this aspect by supplying intranet employee surveys and tracking employee views on the company and HR. The information gathered allowed HR and managers to address areas that received lower scores on the survey. These efforts by the company and the HR department have had an effect on employee retention at Xerox. As stated earlier, reducing turnover of qualified and skilled employees is an ongoing effort of Human Resource Management. Xerox has made retaining especially high-potential employees a priority. Organizations have found that keeping good employees can be a challenge. However, in an effort to keep skilled and or high performing employees engaged and embracing the organizational culture and HR values of an organization, some employers will offer incentives. Employers, such as Xerox, will invest in employee training and development. Although this can be a double edge sword by potentially making an employee more marketable for other organizations, employers have found that when they invest in employees through job training and or monetary compensation, employee job satisfaction increases and employees are more likely to stay. In addition, employees who are engaged in an organization are more likely to be top performers and miss fewer work days. In summation, both technology and employee retention are key in HR development because they both lend to the culture of an organization. 1. Technology by improving the administrative efficiency of HR, and the responsiveness of HR to employees and managers. 2. Employee retention by maintaining employees who through their experience and loyalty to the organization, becomes a core competency and perpetuates the values and cultures to newer employees.

Research Papers on The History of Art the Artist Christo Javacheff

Introduction The history of art has been compared with that of literature. In comparable respects, both have continuity, change and no progressive improvement. Since they are both works of creativity, their histories are characterized by works that seem to go beyond circumstantial limitations with a timeless appeal. The history of art has evolved since the extant of humans. Today art involve so many disciplines in colleges and universities. (Kristine and Howard 1996 4, 41) Christo Vladimirov Javacheff and Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon are a couple whose works of have contribution to perpetuation and continuity of the history of art. Their impressive works have been marred controversies because of their scale. Christo and Jeanne-Claude were on the same date same time on June 13, 1935. Born in Gabrovo, Bulgaria, Christo studied art at the Sofia academy from 1953 to 1956. He went to Vienna where he enrolled for Fine Arts at Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. Only a semester later, he traveled to Geneva and later to Paris in 1958. Following these journeys, he lost his Bulgarian citizenship ending up being without a nationality. At France, he started painting portraits to earn a leaving, an occupation he has likened to prostitution. In his paintings, his signature was his family name â€Å"Javachef† while his earlier works’ signature was â€Å"Christo.† Born in Casablanca and brought up by her father, a military officer in Morocco, Jeanne-Claude’s was brought up by her father alone having divorced with Jeanne’s mother shortly after she was born. Jeanne graduated in 1952 at University of Tunis having studied Latin and Philosophy. She has been described as an extrovert with natural organizational abilities. She smoked, dyed her hair red, and hated cooking. She acknowledged becoming an artist out of her love for Christo. She died on November 18, 2009 in New York from brain complications. Jeanne-Claude and Christo first met in 1958 and married in 1960 amidst controversial flopped wedding between Jeanne and Philippe Planchon. The couple’s work of art revolved around the environmental; in fact, some writers call their works â€Å"the earth art.† Some of their works included â€Å"Wrapped Coast†, Sydney, (1968-69), â€Å"wrapped Museum of Contemporary Art†, Chicago (1968-69), â€Å"Wrapped Monument to Vittorio Emanuele, Italy,† (1970), â€Å"The Pont Wrapped Reichstag†, Berlin (1971-95), â€Å"Running Fence†, California (1972-76), â€Å"Neuf Wrapped†, Paris (1975-85), â€Å"The Umbrellas† Japan U.S.A. (1975-85) amongst many other vast-scale wrapping projects. Jeanne-Claude’s and Christo’s first collaboration was seen in 1961 when they jointly covered port of Cologne’s barrels. This was their first monumental project, â€Å"Iron Curtain† in which they used oil apparel and curtain as mock expression of to the authorized against Berlin Wall. In this work of art, Jeanne-Claude blocked with a curtain wall for a few hours streets in Cologne. The couple arrived in New York in 1964, and settled in the United States before the end of that year. Startlingly, their works were credited to Christo’s until 1994 when installations and other outdoor works retroactively earned credit to both of them: â€Å"Christo and Jeanne-Claude.† While in United States, with limited command of English, Christo displayed his works in several works including Castelli Gallery of New York. Analysis of his works is an excellent prototype of Marcel Duchamp’s concept of conceptual art (Honour and Fleming 2005: 800). Christo has ‘reduced the creativity act to an attractively simple level, using single, intellectual ideas to rediscover the object of, or activity of art.† Jeanne-Claude once disqualified people’s interpretation of their works of arts saying that they absolutely had no purpose beyond being for ‘beauty’ and ‘art’, that their works were not indeed to give any message. While Jeanne-Claude’s view contradicts conceptual art’s definition according Duchamp’s view, both of their works are an excellent manifestation of conceptual art. Arguably, first collaborated work metaphorical of the Berlin wall was an expression of ‘message’ to the authorit ies. The couple excelled in their works of arts. Having exhibited in the galleries across the United States, France, Italy, Germany and other major cities, the resist have had profound effect in the discipline of art. Their art of ‘wrapping’ the natural and human structures have redefined way of exhibiting creative works. There work â€Å"Wrapped Walk Ways† (1977-78) at, Jacob Loose Park, in Kansas City, was complete and figurative expressing the nature of conceptual art. Still in line with the couple’s view of their workshop art as of aesthetic, the work present conceptual art in another perspective. It took them along time to come up with and complete the project. It complied with the rule of conceptual; art set by Duchamp, which depicted human desires and continuity in the piece of work. In the â€Å"Wrapped Ways† project, Jeanne-Claude and Christo installed 12, 450 square meters of saffron-colored nylon fabric on garden walkways and paths covering 4.4 Kilometers of Jacob Loose Memorial Park in Kansas. The installation was done in three days between October 2nd and 4th with 84 people employed to help in the installation. Since the artists never accepted any sponsorship of any kind, all the costs and expenses committed in the project were borne by the couple. They earned by selling preparatory works such as drawings, collages, lithographs and etcetera. (Kristine and Howard 1996: 549) The wrapped walkways and paths remained wrapped until October 16th 1978 when saffron material was removed and recycled by the Kansas City Parks department. This piece of work of art was unique and indeed changed the art scenes and the entire history of art. By using their own to exhibit there works of art, his type of art was one of its own kinds. This project took the art scene, such succinct works of art with such scale-reengineered creativity. The artists, in this project and others precisely conceptualize ideas and with little effort and manipulation the friends of works of arts have been taken aback. Purely designed for beauty and aesthetic, the works portrayed human desires and suggested through unclear, indirect, and intellectual works of art using fantasy. People often want to live in beautiful environments free of dart. This installation not only showed the important aspects of human and the desire of the American people but also portray how new ideas and creativity can be c ombined to bring new styles of art and varying definition of challenging experiences of art in general. Their work â€Å"The Running Fence† was acquired in definitive record in 2008 by the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Installed in Sonoma and Marin Counties, California in 1972-76, the work was one of the many temporary installations of that that took those 42 months of collaborative efforts to install. It was 24 ½ miles long and 18 feet high, with one end dropping down to the Pacific Ocean. This monumentally vast work of art was contracted out of 240000 square feet of heavy white woven fabric of nylon, steel cables measuring over 150 kilometers long, 2050 steel posts, 350, 000 hooks and 130, 000 earth anchors. The project was entirely sponsored by Christo and Jeanne-Claude. The erected fence stood for only two weeks in the September of 1976. The work has been filmed into â€Å"Running Fence revisited† The Running Fence Revisited are screened in some of the major exhibition galleries. Janet Maslin, a New York Times art writer, once described the Running Fence in the film as â€Å"the next best thing to have been in existence.† The Running Fence story is not a tale just unlimited endurance but a story of two artists whose works were nearly over insurmountable. The Running Fence was a temporary creativity of art, odds enough but delivered joy and beauty to the lovers of art; it was a story of and about the people, places, and events. The installation made many more aware of the incredible art and other possibilities of creativity works. This conceptual art stunned the world of art. The â€Å"Running Fence† stunned the people of Sonoma County and the rest of the world. â€Å"There will never be another Running Fence,† Christo said in an Eye Level interview. Indeed, there will never be another â€Å"Running Fence† and if it were, then will no longer be creative enough to attract and influence other artists. As a way of appreciating their works, the couple regularly got requests from cities or organizations to replicate their works in other places. Commenting on the requests, Christo said, â€Å"that misses the point. The power in the art is in its transitory.† (Pagliasotti 2002) Richard B. Woodward, an art writer asserts that the Running Fence has been called one of the â€Å"most influential art projects of the 20th century.† He records Christo’s comments about the project while revisiting the site twenty years after the event â€Å"it was certainly one of the most successful. It is amazing to hear many people say viewing Running Fence changed the way they looked at the landscape and art forever.† Christo’s and Jeanne-Claude’s, art, their creation, was able to affect them in a way the traditional artists could not. (2010). At the removal of the installation, the materials were donated to the local and the authorities. Nearly half people present at the event seemed to have found a way to reuse the materials from the project. Being farmers, they used them in their ranging operations. Some made windbreaks with the fabric and the project ended officially in September 1976, exactly a fortnight after its installation. While this brought physical end to the piece of art, the Running Fence has remained alive. The actual Running Fence is gone, the materials have been converted for other uses, but the memories live on to date. For instance, at American Art Museum, Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Remembering the Running Fence has been devoted to one of the couples most ambitious and evocative works of art. Whether Running Fence would be impossible to accomplish in todays America is hard to gauge. The nearly bare contours of beautiful hills were made more sensual by the project. The visual variation of the piece as it responds to sun, wind, fog, and ocean are attractive. The determination of the couple of artists and their resolute faith and love for the works of and their unusual ideas seem to have earned confidence, respect, trust, and affection from people who had never heard of site-specific art. Christo involved the community in his works. While persuading over 57 farmers to allow the fencing cross their lands Christo told them: The art project is right now here with us. We are partners in this work of art.† (Donovan 2002: 97, 115) â€Å"Were surrounded with repetitious things. Worlds Fair, Olympic Games, each four years happen, Walt Disney all that is all the routine we live. In addition, this project happened once†¦ There was once the Running Fence or Wrapped Coast.† Christo in an Australian TV interview once said in 2004. To date, the lasting impact of Running Fence on the new ‘art society’ born after the project has continued to ignite serious conversations about what is art among citizens who had never thought it was relevant a question. It is commendable that the Smithsonian American Art Museum bought the project archive for Running Fence in 2008. It will available for generations and Christo and Jeanne-Claude will continue to communicate to all of them. References Kristine, Stiles Peter, Howard Selz. Theories and documents of contemporary art: a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sourcebook of artists writings. 1996. USA: University of California Press. Viklund, Andreas. â€Å"The Third Culture: Neuroscience And Humanities† June 25, 2007Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on 26th November, 2010 from http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O5-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conceptualart.html Honour, Hugh and John Fleming. A world history of art. 2005. London, UK: Laurence King   Ã‚   Publishing, 7th Edition. Woodward, Richard B. â€Å"A California dream come true† The Wall Street (Online) Journal:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Washington, April 2010. Accessed on 24th November 2010:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://online.wsj.com/article/ Koddenberg, Matthias. Christo and Jeanne-Claude Early Works 1958-64. 2010. Cologne,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Germany: DruckVerlag Kettler GmbH. Fineberg, Jonathan David, Wolfgang Volz. Christo and Jeanne-Claude: on the way to The  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gates, Central Park, New York City. 2004. Yale University press Donovan, Molly. Christo and Jeanne-Claude in the Vogel Collection. 2002. New York: Harry N.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abrams, Incorporated. Pagliasotti J M.. Interview with Christo and Jeanne-Claude.   2002. Eye-Level Quarterly Journal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of Contemporary Visual Culture